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Technical
Education plays a vital role in human resource development of the country by
creating skilled manpower, enhancing industrial productivity and improving the
quality of life of its people. Technical Education covers programmes in
engineering, technology, management, architecture, town planning, pharmacy,
applied arts & crafts, hotel management and catering technology. [Get Admission in Bangalore @ Management
Quota]
Technical Education - A Historical Perspective [Get
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Engineering and Technological Education [Get Admission
in Bangalore @ Management Quota]
The
impulse for creation of centers of technical training came from the British
rulers of India and it arose out of the necessity for the training of overseers
for construction and maintenance of public buildings, roads, canals and ports
and for the training of artisans and craftsmen for the use of instruments and
apparatus needed for the army, the navy and the survey department. [Get Admission in Bangalore @ Management
Quota]The superintending engineers were mostly recruited from Britain from
the Cooper's Hill College and this applied as well to foremen and artificers;
but this could not be done in the case of lower grades- craftsmen, artisans and
sub-overseers who were recruited locally. As they were mostly illiterate,
efficiency was low. The necessity to make them more efficient by giving them
elementary lessons in reading, writing, arithmetic, geometry and mechanics, led
to the establishment of industrial schools attached to Ordnance Factories and
other establishments. [Get Admission in
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While it
is stated that such schools existed in Calcutta and Bombay as early as 1825,
the first authentic account we have is that of an industrial school established
at Gundy, Madras, in 1842, attached to the Gun Carriage Factory there. A school
for the training of overseers was known to exist in Poona in 1854. [Get Admission in Bangalore @ Management
Quota]
Meanwhile
in Europe and America, Colleges were growing up, which drew to their men having
good education and special proficiency in mathematical subjects. This led to
discussions in Government circles in India and similar institutions were sought
to be established in the Presidency Towns.
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The first
engineering college was established in the Uttar Pradesh in 1847 for the
training of Civil Engineers at Roorkee, which made use of the large workshops
and public buildings there that were erected for the Upper Ganges Canal. The
Roorkee College (or to give it its official name, the Thomason College) was
never affiliated to any university but gave diplomas considered to be
equivalent to degrees. In pursuance of the Government policy, three Engineering
Colleges were opened by about 1856 in the three Presidencies. In Bengal, a
College called the Calcutta College of Civil was opened at the Writers'
Buildings in November 1856; the name was changed to Bengal College in 1857, and
it was affiliated to the Calcutta University. It gave a licentiate course in
Civil. In 1865 it was amalgamated with the Presidency College. Later, in 1880,
it was detached from the Presidency College and shifted to its present quarters
at Sibpur, occupying the premises and buildings belonging to the Bishop's
College. [Get Admission in Bangalore @
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Proposals
for having an College at Bombay city having failed for some reasons, the
overseers' school at Poona eventually became the Poona College and affiliated
to the Bombay University in 1858. For a long time, this was the only College in
the Western Presidency. [Get Admission in
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In the
Madras Presidency, the industrial school attached to the Gun Carriage Factory
became ultimately the Guindy College of and affiliated to the Madras University
(1858). [Get Admission in Bangalore @
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The
educational work in the three Colleges of Subpar, Poona and Gundy has been more
or less similar. They all had licentiate courses in civil up to 1880, when they
organized degree classes in this branch alone. After 1880, the demand for mechanical
and electrical engineering was felt, but the three Colleges started only
apprenticeship classes in these subjects. The Victoria Jubilee Technical
Institute, which was started at Bombay in 1887, had as its objective the
training of licentiates in Electrical, Mechanical and Textile. In 1915, the
Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, opened Electrical Engineering classes
under Dr. Alfred Hay and began to give certificates and associate ships, the
latter being regarded equivalent to a degree. [Get Admission in Bangalore @ Management Quota]
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In Bengal,
the leaders of the Swedish Movement organized in 1907 a National Council of
Education which tried to organise a truly National University. Out of the many
institutions it started, only the College of and Technology at Jabalpur had
survived. It started granting diplomas in mechanical and course in 1908 and in
chemical engineering in 1921. [Get Admission
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The
Calcutta University Commission debated the pros and cons of the introduction of
degree courses in mechanical and electrical engineering. One of the reasons
cited from the recommendations of the Indian Industrial Commission (1915),
under the Chairmanship of Sir Thomas (Holland) against the introduction of
electrical courses, is given in the following quotation from their report[Get Admission in Bangalore @ Management
Quota]: "We have not specifically referred to the training of
electrical engineers, because electrical manufactures have not yet been started
in India, and there is only scope for the employment of men to do simple repair
work, to take charge of the running of electrical machinery, and to manage and
control hydroelectric and steam-operated stations. [Get Admission in Bangalore @ Management Quota]The men required for
these three classes of work will be provided by the foregoing proposals for the
training of the various grades required in mechanical. They will have to
acquire in addition, special experience in electrical matters, but, till this
branch of is developed on the constructional site, and the manufacture of
electrical machinery taken in hand, the managers of electrical undertakings
must train their own men, making such use as they can of the special facilities
offered for instruction at the colleges and the Indian Institute of
Science." [Get Admission in Bangalore
@ Management Quota]
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